A story from china

A able lad

(Favourite tales early Chinese)

Cerita Rakyat Pendek Bahasa Inggris

Ts’ao Ch’ong was the child of Ts’ao Ts’ao. He was a extremely
able lad. Lone calculate, Suen Ch’uan, the Ruler of Eastern Wu, gave his limb of the clergy an
elephant. Ts’ao Ts’ao sought after to learn made known its consequence. Thumbs down lone was competent to caution him
how to rank made known as a result.

Cerita Rakyat Pendek Bahasa Inggris

Ts’ao Ch’ong abruptly plotting of an perception. “Deposit the
elephant chic a control car,” he understood. “Influence a outline next to the feature of the control car amount including
the fill up. Pocket the elephant made known. At that calculate overload the control car including pebbles in anticipation of the
fill up comes positive to the outline. You can at that calculate weigh the pebbles to learn made known the
consequence of the elephant.”

 Cerita Rakyat Pendek Bahasa Inggris

All praised Ts’ao Ch’ong pro go as a result able.

A release only any months before long approximately clothes chic a pile were eaten
effectively rats. The clerk chic payment was extremely frightened, he knew including the intention of he would pocket house sent
to prison of Ts’ao establish made known what had happened. He did not admit what to rank made known.
As Ts’ao Ch’ong heard chic this vicinity it, he sent pro him.

Cerita Rakyat Pendek Bahasa Inggris

“deposit next to’t agonize,” he understood “ I can aid you. Keep pro delight
pass the time a release only any income before to adage no matter what business to my limb of the clergy.’

Cerita Rakyat Pendek Bahasa Inggris

Ts’ao Ch’ong at that calculate rub approximately holes chic his coat. He took
it to trade show to his limb of the clergy. His limb of the clergy questioned him what had happened.

Cerita Rakyat Pendek Bahasa Inggris

“My coat has been eaten effectively rats.” He understood “I am extremely
wretched. I must be inflicted including been extremely careless.”

His limb of the clergy laughing at him. “deposit next to’t  pocket house asinine,” he understood, “how can anyone call reliable
you? It’s not your flaw.”

A release only any income afterwards, the clerk went to caution Ts’ao
Ts’ao what had happened to the clothes chic the pile.

Cerita Rakyat Pendek Bahasa Inggris

Ts’ao Ts’ao listened sensibly to what he understood. “My
child’s coat has also been eaten effectively rats,” he answered. “How can I pocket house enraged including
you in check over of the fact including the intention of the clothes chic your pile be inflicted including been eaten?

Cerita Rakyat Pendek Bahasa Inggris

Not anything extra was heard of the theme including including the intention of.

Cerita Rakyat Pendek Bahasa Inggris

Short Story about Sun and Moon

Why the Sun and the Moon Live In the Sky

A long time ago, the Sun and the Moon were best friend. They had been best friend for a long time. They always spent time together, playing, laughing and just having fun. They were always happy together that their whole body were shining so bright. The Moon was like a little sister for the Sun. He always protected her and made her laughed. But little did he know that the Moon had been secretly in love with him. She admired him very much.
One day when the Sun and the Moon were hanging out on the top of a mountain, the Water walked by. She was so beautiful that she dragged the Sun’s attention.
“Wow.. Who’s that beautiful lady?.” The Sun asked the Moon.
“It’s the Water. She lives in the north.” The Moon said quietly.
“I think I like her.” The Sun said while smiling.
“Go get her then.” The Moon said while trying to smile when on the inside she was falling apart.
“Really? I mean, are you okay if I leave and talk to her?.” The Sun said eagerly.
“It’s okay, I’ll just stay here.” The Moon said reassuring the Sun. She just wanted her best friend to be happy.
The Sun then chased after the Water, leaving the heartbroken Moon alone on the top of the mountain crying her heart out.
After that day the Sun and the Water relationship were getting closer and closer everyday while his relationship with the Moon was the opposite, they grew apart. They barely see each other again. The Sun whose too preoccupied with his new girlfriend almost forgot his truly best friend. In the other hand, the Moon felt really sad and lonely that her light slowly faded each day. All she did was sitting alone on the top of a mountain crying, while looking at the sky where the little Stars dancing happily together. Everyday she always called for the Stars to bring her to the sky with them so she wouldn’t have to be alone and watched the Sun and the Water doing everything that she used to do with the Sun. But little Stars always refused to bring her to the sky because it was so cold there, and beside that if they brought the Moon to the sky, she wouldn’t be able to go back to earth anymore. The Moon couldn’t do anything so she walked home disappointedly when in the middle of the way she overheard the Sun and the Water conversation.
“Why do you want to meet her? Do you love her?.” The Water asked the Sun.
“What?! No.. Of course not. I love you, not her. She’s just a friend. She’s nothing.” The Sun quickly answered.
The Moon’s heart fall apart hearing those words. She couldn’t stop the tears that kept falling from her eyes.
“Good. You don’t need her cause you’re with me now.” The Water said smiling wickedly. She knew that the Moon was there hearing everything. She wanted to make the Moon broken. She was jealous of the Moon because the Moon was best friend with the Sun while she didn’t have any friend.
The Moon ran back to the top of the mountain and begged the little Stars to please brought her with them because she couldn’t take it anymore. Finally little Stars brought the Moon to the sky because they couldn’t bear to see her crying her heart out.
Day after day passed and the Sun started getting tired of the Water behaviour that was very bossy and annoying, so he went to visit his best friend that he really missed, the Moon, but she was nowhere to be found. The Sun panicked and started looking for the Moon to every place that they used to go, and when he went to the mountain he saw the Moon in the sky with little Stars. He was so sad seeing his best friend so far away from him. And he was even more sad seeing that the Moon wasn’t shining anymore, she lost her light. He then went to the top of the mountain and talked to her.
“Why are you went to the sky?.” The Sun asked sadly.
“Don’t you understand that I am so lonely, sad, and hurt?!! My very own best friend said that I was nothing to him. So what’s the point of staying when nobody wants you?!!. Can’t you see that I love you?!!” The Moon said while tears were streaming down her face.
“I-I’m sorry, I really didn’t mean it. I really miss you, I love you. Please.. come back.” The Sun said, looking at her with his glossy eyes.
“No, really. I love you. Not as a friend. I really do love you. But I know the feelings isn’t mutual. I just wish you to be happy with her. Good bye.” The Moon said still crying, then she faded away in the dark.
In that moment the Sun finally realized that who he really love is the Moon. He broke down and cried, calling for the Moon to come back. A few minutes later the Sun saw the Wishing Star in the sky so he called and asked the Wishing Star to bring him to the sky.
“Hey Wishing Star! Please help me, pleaseee!.” The Sun pleading.
“What do you want me to do?.” Answered the Wishing Star.
“Bring me to the sky with you.” Said the Sun.
“It’s so dangerous you know. I fly with a really fast speed. You might get yourself burned.” Explained the Wishing Star.
“I don’t care. Just bring me to the sky, please. I’m begging you.”
“Fine. But you know the consequence. Tell me to stop when you’ve reached your destination.” The Wishing Star said.
Then the Wishing Star brought the Sun with him, flew with a really fast speed that made the Sun’s body burned, full of fire. But he didn’t care. All he cared about was that he wanted to be with the Moon.
“Stop! Stop!.” The Shun shouted when he thought that he had been in the place near the Moon. The Wishing Star released him and continued to fly away. The Sun looked around, searching for the Moon with his now fiery body. He saw the Moon but she was so far away from him. The Sun flew away too far from the earth. He was about to go over to the Moon when he realized that if he went too close to the Moon, she would get burned because of fire on his body. So he canceled his intention because he didn’t want to hurt the Moon ever again. All he could do was watch the Moon from afar and shone her as best as he could so the Moon knew that he was there with her. Because of the Sun’s light the Moon is shining again and she was warmed by his love. Now we can see the Moon shining every night, brighten the earth. And every full moon, when the Moon is shining the most, the Water in the sea will tide. It was because the Water wants to reach the moon and drown her. She couldn’t accept the fact that the Sun had chosen the Moon over her. But however, the Water will never reach the Moon because she is high in the sky.

Tenses Bahasa Inggris

Kumpulan Rumus 16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris dan beserta contohnya

1. Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)

a. Simple Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang Sederhana)

Rumus :

+ } S + V1 + O/C

- } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C

? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C

Example :


+ } Sisca Reads book everyday

- } Sisca does not Read book everyday

? } does Sisca Read book everyday

Yes He does / No He does not (doesn’t)

For I, We, You, They = do

He, She, It = Does

Contoh kalimat :

(+) She is a new people here.

(+) He plays football every morning

(-) She isn’t a new people here.

(-) He does not playing football every morning.

(?) Is she a new people here?

(?) How playing football every morning?

b. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang)

Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yabg sedang berlangsungpada waktu sekarang.

Rumus :

+ } S + Be + V1 + ing + O/C >> + } They are playing badmintoon now

- } S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C >> – } They are not playing badmintoon now

? } Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C >> ? } Are they palaying badmintoon now ?

Yes They are / no they are not

For I = am

They, we, you = are

He, She, It = Is

Contoh dalam kalimat :

(+) He is playing badminton now

(-) He isn’t playing badminton now.

(?) Is he playing badminton now.

c. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Sekarang)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb+main verb

Contoh :

(+) you have eaten mine.

(-) she has not been to Rome

(?) have you finished?

d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)

Rumus :

(+): S + have/has + been + Ving

(-): S + have/has + not + been + Ving

(?): Have/has + S + been + Ving

Contoh :

(+) She has been going to Malang since evening.

(+) We have been riding a horse for three days

(-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since evening.

(-) We haven’t been riding a horse for three days.

(?) Has she been going to Malang ?

(?) Have He been riding a horse for three days ?

2. Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)

a. Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)

Rumus :

+} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C

-} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C

?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C

Example :

+} We were at school yesterday

-} We were not at school yesterday

?} were we at school yesterday ?

For I, He, She, It = Was

They, we, you = were

Contoh :

(+) I saw a good film last night

(+) He came here last month

(-) I saw not a good film last night

(-) He came not last month

(?) Saw I a good film last night

(?) Came He here last month

b. Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Lampau)

Rumus :

(+): S + was/were + Ving

(-): S + was/were + NOT + Ving

(?): Was/Were + S + Ving

Contoh :

(+) He was watching television all afternoon last week

(+) They were talking about sport when I met him

(-) He wasn’t watching television all afternoon last week

(-) They weren’t talking about sport when I met him

(?) Was He watching television all afternoon last week

(?) Were they talking about sport when I met him

c. Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb

(+): S + had + V3

(-): S + had + not + V3

(?): Had + S + V3

Contoh :

(+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle

(+) The ship had left before I arrived

(-) When my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted my motor cycle

(-) The ship hadn’t left before I arrived

(?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?

(?) Had the ship left before I arrived?

d. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) They had been living there for two month

(+) When they washed my drees , your father had been playing badminton

(-) They hadn’t been living there for two month

(-) When they washed my dress , your father hadn’t been playing badminton

(?) Had they been living there for two month?

(?) When they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?

3. Future Tense (Akan Datang)

a. Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+main verb

Contoh :

(+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.

(+) he will met girl friend by seven o’clock

(?) Will he go to America next month?

(+) President shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow.

(-) President shall not at Nederland the day after tomorrow.

(?) Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow?

b. Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Akan Datang)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) I will be writing a comic.

(+) I will be studying tomorrow night.

(-) I will not writing a comic.

(-) I will not be studying tomorrow night.

(?) Will I be writing a comic ?

(?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ?

c. Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) Iwill havefinishedby 10am.

(+) Youwill haveforgottenme by then.

(-) Shewillnothavegoneto school.

(-) Wewillnothaveleft.

(?) Willyou havearrived?

(?) Willthey havereceivedit?

d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) I will have been reading a news paper.

(+) He will have been listening music.

(-) I will haven’t been reading a news paper.

(-) He will haven’t listening a music.

(?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?

(?) Will He have listening a music ?

4. Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)

a. Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif: S + would + V1

Negatif: S + would + not + V1

Tanya: Would + S + V1

Contoh :

(+) He would come if you invited him.

(+) They would buy a home the previous day.

(-) He wouldn’t come if invited him.

(-) They wouldn’t buy a home the previous day.

(?) Would He come if invited him ?

(?) Would they buy a home the previous day ?

b. Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif: S + would + be + Ving

Negatif: S + would + not + be + Ving

Tanya: Would + S + be + Ving

Contoh :

(+) I should be swimming at this time the following day.

(+) I shall be sliping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.

(-) I shouldn’t be swimming at this time the following day.

(-) I shalln’t be sleeping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.

(?) Shall I be swimming at this time the following day ?

(?) Shall I be sleeping at10 o’clock tomorrow ?

c. Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif: S + would + have + V3

Negatif: S + would + not + have + V3

Tanya: Would + S + have + V3

Contoh :

(+) He would have graduated if he had studies hard.

(+) Nonok will have studied moth by the end of this week.

(-) He wouldn’t have gone if he had met his darling

(-) Nonok will have not studied month by the end of this week

(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling ?

(?) Will Nonok have studied month by the end of this week ?

d. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

(Waktu Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif: S + would + have + been + Ving

Negatif: S + would + not + have + been + Ving

Tanya: Would + S + have + been + Ving

Contoh :

Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years

(+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking here for seventeen years

(+) Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years

(-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldn’t have been walking here for seventeen year

(-) Rianawati wouldn’t have been speaking English for two years

(?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking here for seventeen years?

(?) Would Rianawati have been speaking English for two years?

Pemasaran Produk Pertanian

PEMASARAN PRODUK PERTANIAN

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1.        Latar Belakang

Menjalani kegiatan pertanian bukan hanya sebatas memproduksi atau melakukan kegiatan pertanian, baik budidaya tanaman maupun beternak sehingga memperoleh hasil pertanian yang berlimpah. Tetapi dibalik itu, bagaimana pasaran untuk hasil usaha tani agar pertanian tersebut dapat menguntungkan dari segi ekonomi. Produktivitas pertanian yang tinggi akan menjadi sia-sia jika tidak sepenuhnya dapat diserap oleh pasar. Oleh karena itu, pemasaran untuk hasil usaha tani menjadi kata kunci dalam kegiatan pertanian.

Untuk hasil-hasil itu perlu ada pasaran serta harga yang cukup tinggi guna membayar kembali biaya-biaya tunai dan daya upaya yang telah dikeluarkan petani sewaktu memproduksikannya. Kebanyakan petani harus menjual hasil-hasil usaha taninya sendiri atau di pasar setempat. Karena itu, perangsang bagi mereka untuk memproduksi barang-barang jualan, bukan sekedar untuk dimakan keluarganya sendiri, lebih banyak tergantung pada harga setempat. Harga ini untuk sebagian tergantung pada efisiensi sistem tataniaga yang menghubungkan pasar setempat dengan pasar di kota-kota.

2.        Rumusan Masalah

Adapun rumusan masalah yang ada berdasarkan latar belakang di atas adalah sebagai berikut :

1)        Apa yang dimaksud dengan pemasaran ?

2)        Aspek pemasaran produk pertanian

3)        Kendala apa saja yang dihadapi dalam hal pemasaran produk pertanian

3.        Tujuan Penulisan

1)        Untuk mengetahui apa definisi, pandangan tentang pemasaran

2)        Untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi pemasaran hasil usaha tani

3)        Untuk mengetahui kendala-kendala apa saja yang akan dijumpai dalam pasar untuk hasil usaha tani

BAB II
PEMBAHASAN

1.        Pengertian Pemasaran

Pemasaran secara umum dapat diartikan sebagai suatu kegiatan atau jasa yang dilakukan untuk memindahkan atau memproduksi suatu barang atau jasa dari produsen ke konsumen. Sedangkan pengertian pemasaran menurut para ahli adalah :

-            Menurut G. Karta Sapoetro,cs.

Pemasaran adalah Segala yang dilakukan agar barang – barang hasil produksi dari produsen dimungkinkan mengalir secara lancer ke sektor konsumen.

-            Menurut WD. Downey & Steven P. Ericson

Pemasaran adalah proses yang mengakibatkan aliran produk melalui sistem dari produsen ke konsumen.

Pemasaran adalah Suatu keragaan semua usaha mencakup kegiatan arus barang dan jasa mulai dari titik usaha tani sampai ketangan konsumen akhir.

Pemasaran adalah Proses melibatkan banyak kegiatan yang berbeda sehingga dapat menambah suatu nilai barang/produk tersebut bergerak dalam suatu sistem

-            Menurut Kotler

Pemasaran adalah Proses sosial dan manajerial dimana individu dan kelompok mendapatkan kebutuhan mereka dengan menciptakan, menawarkan dan bertukar produk yang bernilai satu sama lain.

2.        Sistem Pemasaran Produk Pertanian dan Aspek Pemasaran Produksi Pertanian

Sistem Pemasaran Produk Pertanian

Sebagai suatu sistem, pemasaran produk pertanian mempunyai karakteristik sebagai berikut :

1)        Sistem pemasaran pertanian mempunyai tujuan spesifik yan ingin dicapai, ada kriteria normatif dari masyarakat.

2)        Untuk mencapai tujuan mempunyai komponen yang melaksanakan bebagai fungsi : transportasi, prosesing, grading, standarisasi dan informasi pasar.

3)        Sistem pemasaran mempunyai dimensi ruang dan waktu.

4)        Sistem pemasaran membutuhkan pengaturan atas keberadaan fungsi pemasaran

Aspek Pemasaran Produksi Pertanian

Aspek pemasaran memang disadari bahwa aspek ini adalah penting.  Bila mekanisme pemasaran berjalan baik, maka semua pihak yang terlibat akan diuntungkan.  Peranan lembaga pemasaran  yang biasanya terdiri dari produsen, tengkulak, pedagang pengumpul, broker, eksportir, importir atau lainnya menjadi amat penting.  Lembaga  pemasaran ini, khususnya bagi negara berkembang, yang dirikan oleh lemahnya pemasaran hasil pertanian atau lemahnya kompetensi pasar yang yang sempurna, akan menentukan mekanisme pasar.

Karena barang pertanian umumnya dirikan oleh sifat : 1. Diproduksi musiman, 2. Selalu segara (fresbeble), 3. Mudah rusak, 4. Jumlahnya banyak tetapi nilainya relatif sedikit (bulky).

Maka ciri ini akan mempengaruhi mekanisme pasar pemasaran.  Oleh karena itu sering sekali terjadi harga produksi pertanian yang dipasarkan menjadi naik-turun (berfluktuasi) secara tajam, dan kalau saja harga produksi pertanian berfluktuasi, maka yang sering dirugikan adalah di pihak petaniatau produsen.  Karena kejadian semacam ini maka petani atau produsen memerlukan kekuatan entahsendiri atau berkelompok dengan yang lain untuk melaksanakan pemasaran ini.

A.       Mengapa Pemasaran ?

Peluang Menurut Kotler (1980) ada lima faktor yang menyebabkan mengapa pemasaran itu penting : 1. Jumlah produk yang di jual menurun, 2. Pertumbuhan penampilan perusahaan juga menurun, 3. Terjadi perubahan yang diinginkan konsumen, 4. Terlalu besar pengeluaran untuk penjualan.

Untuk komoditi pertanian, pemasaran terjadi bukan saja ditentukan oleh lima aspek seperti yang dikemukakan oleh Kotler (1980) tersebut, tetapi oleh aspek yang lain, yaitu : 1. Kebutuhan yang mendesak, 2. Tingkat komersialisasi produsen (petani), 3. Keadaan harga yang menguntungkan, dan, 4. Karena peraturan.

Seringkali diketemukan bahwa karena petani sangat memerlukan uang kontan selekas-mungkin (untuk membayar utang, biaya sekolah anaknya dan lain-lain), maka petani memasarkan produksi pertaniannya walaupun pada kondisi yang kurang menguntungkan.  Namun sebaliknya, khusus petani komersial, mereka memasarkan produksinya bila harga menguntungkan baginya.  Namun ada pula dijumpai adanya petani menjual hasil pertanian karena adanya peraturan yang menharuskan walaupun kondisi harga tidak begitu menguntungkan.

B.       Peluang Pasar

Peluang pasar berangkat dapat diartikan sebagai peluang (probability) dari seseorang (produsen, petani atau pihak lain) untuk menjual hasil pertanian dengan mendapatkan keuntungan. Karena pelaku lembaga pemasaran tidak semua mampu memanfaatkan peluang ini, maka hanya mereka yang memanfaatkan pasar saja yang memperoleh kesempatan yang baik.  Dalam banyak kenyataan, maka di antara pelaku pemasaran tersebut, maka posisi produsen atau petani adalah yang paling lemah.  Berbagai faktor yang menyebabkannya, namun karena kondisi yang seperti ini, maka petani sering dirugikan.  Misalnya, hanya sebagian kecil saja harga yang diterima petani dari harga yang semestinya diperoleh dari konsumen.  Contohnya adalah kondisi jagung, dari harga yang diberikan oleh konsumen (100%), maka hanya 47,5% yang diterima petani dan sisanya dinikmati atau diambil oleh para pelaku lembaga pemasaran.  Dalam pemamasaran komoditi pertanian, seringkali di jumpai adanya rantai pemasaran yang panjang, sehingga banyak juga pelaku  lembaga pemasaran yang terlibat dalam rantai pemasaran tersebut.  Akibatnya adalah terlalu besar keuntungan pemasaran yang diambil oleh para pelaku pemasaran tersebut.

Beberapa sebab mengapa terjadi rantai pemasaran hasil pertanian yang panjangdan produsen (petani) sering dirugikan adalah sebagai berikut : 1. Pasar yang tidak bekerja secara sempurna, 2. Lemahnya informasi pasar, 3. Lemahnya produsen (petani) memanfaatkan peluang pasar, 4. Lemahnya posisi produsen (petani) untuk melakukan penawaran untuk mendapatkan harga yang baik, 5. Produsen (petani) melakukan usahatani tidak berdasarkan pada permintaan pasar, melainkan karena usahatani yang diusahakan secara turun temurun.

3.        Mengenal Pasar Produk Pertanian

Ada 5 (lima) jenis pasar untuk hasil pertanian, yaitu :

A.       Pasar penampung sementara.

Jenis pasar ini lebih dikenal dengan pedagang pengumpul. Dimana pedangang tersebut mengumpulkan hasil usaha tani dari berbagai produsen hasil usaha tani yang relatif kecil, jenis pasar ini lebih disukai kebanyakan produsen hasil usaha tani karena tidak memerlukan biaya tambahan untuk menjual hasil usaha taninya, namun biasanya harga yang ditetapkan oleh pedagang relatif rendah

B.       Pasar lokal

Pasar lokal merupakan pasar yang bertempat disekitar wilayah produsen hasil usaha tani. Tujuan pasar ini, guna mempermudah akses penjualan hasil usaha tani dari produsen ke konsumen.

C.       Pasar pusat distribusi atau Pasar Induk

Jenis pasar ini  sudah mementingkan aspek kualitas dibanding dengan kedua jenis pasar diatas, harga relatif lebih tinggi, fungsi pembinaan petani juga sudah dilakukan serta fungsi sortasi dan pengepakan sudah lebih baik. Jenis pasar ini juga telah dikelola dengan baik dan professional baik dari pihak swasta maupun pemerintah.

D.       Pasar Eceran

Jenis pasar ini umumnya dikelola oleh pihak swasta, dimana kualitas sangat dipentingkan daidalamnya. Dari segi harga juga relatif tinggi. Contoh jenis pasar ini, yaitu Supermarket, swalayan, pasar segar, dll.

E.        Pasar dunia / pasar ekspor

Jenis pasar ini sangat ketat didalam penilaian kualitas dan mutu produk. Namun hanya sebagian kecil yang mampu menembus pangsa pasar yang satu ini, alasanya karena kualitas produksi hasil usaha tani kita masih jauh dibawah standar internasional.

4.        Kendala Pemasaran Hasil Produk Pertanian

Ada beberapa permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam pemasaran produk  pertanian, yaitu :

1)        Karakteristik dari Produk Pertanian, yaitu :

-            Mudah rusak (perishability)

-            Musiman

-            Butuh ruang yang banyak (bulkiness)

-            Tidak seragam (non homogenity)

2)        Jumlah produsen terlalu banyak (tapi lahan sempit)

3)        Karakteristik konsumen beragam

4)        Perbedaan tempat variasi harga pada tempat yang berbeda

5)        Efisiensi pemasaran

6)        Permasalahan yang menghambat terwujudnya sistem pemasaran hasil pertaian yang lebih efisien di Indonesia, yaitu :

-            Lemahnya infrastruktur

-            Lemahnya informasi pasar

-            Skala pasar pertanian yang relatif kecil

-            Kurangnya pengetahuan, misal : grading dan handling

-            Tidak adanya kebijakan pemasaran yang baik.

-            Tingginya biaya transaksi

BAB III

PENUTUP

1.        Kesimpulan

Pemasaran merupakan ujung tombak dari tatanan usaha tani, dimana kegiatan dari budidaya dan produksi ditentukan oleh permintaan pasar ( konsumen ). Jika ingin menguasai dunia kuasai dulu informasi.

Pemerintah diharapkan mampu mendokrak pendapatan dari sektor non migas seperti, sektor pertanian ini. Dilihat dari potensi produk hasil usaha tani yang sangat besar serta peluang ekspor komoditi pertanian yang cukup besar, bukan tidak mungkin Negara kita akan menjadi Negara penyuplai bahan pangan dunia. Yang menjadi tugas dan pekerjaan rumah adalah bagaimana pemerintah melihat peluang tersebut, dengan menerapkan program-program kerja yang efektif, tepat guna dan tepat sasaran.

2.        Saran

Hendaknya pemerintah lebih memperhatikan serta meningkatkan pemasaran produk pertanian ini, karena di sektor pertanian inilah, Negara kita sangat kaya akan hasil produksinya. 

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Sibali, Rahmat. 2014. Makalah untuk Pasaran Hasil Usaha Tani. (Online). Diakses pada tanggal 25 November 2014.

                        http://rachmatsibali.blogspot.com/2014/03/makalah-untuk-pasaran-hasil-usaha-tani.html

Gulo, Agusman. 2012. Pemasaran Hasil Pertanian. (Online). Diakses pada tanggal 25 November 2014.

                        http://agumangulo.blogspot.com/2012/10/pemasaran-hasil-pertanian.html

Suhendi, Anda. 2014. Aspek Pemasaran Hasil Pertanian. (Online). Diakses pada tanggal 25 November 2014.

                        http://www.bbpp-lembang.info/index.php/arsip/artikel/artikel-manajemen/808-aspek-pemasaran-hasil-pertanian